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Its rice imports amounted to 2.38 million t in 2010, mostly coming from Vietnam and Thailand. In 20, the country was the biggest rice importer. The Philippines imports about 10% of its annual consumption requirements. Protein requirements from rice, on average, increased from 29.7% in 1995 to 34.8% per person per day in 2009. Similarly, per capita caloric intake from rice rose from 917 kcal per day in 1995 to 1,213 kcal per day in 2009. The nation’s per capita rice consumption rose from 93.2 kg per year in 1995 to 123.3 kg per year in 2009. Rice is a staple food for most Filipinos across the country. Although yield improved from 2.8 t/ha in 1995 to 3.6 t/ha in 2010, it was still way below the yield potential of modern varieties. Seventy-one percent of rice production came from irrigated areas. The country’s production increased by a third, from 10.5 million t in 1995 to 15.8 million t in 2010. More than two-thirds (69%) of its rice area is irrigated. However, the country’s rice area harvested is still very small compared with that of the other major rice-producing countries in Asia. Rice area harvested has expanded from nearly 3.8 million hectares in 1995 to about 4.4 million hectares in 2010. Its arable land totals 5.4 million hectares. The Philippines is the world’s eighth-largest rice producer.
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In addition to rice, the Philippines produces other major crops such as sugarcane, coconut, banana, pineapple, mango, coffee, maize, and cassava. About 13% of GDP is contributed by the agricultural and fishery sector. It also has substantial reserves of chromite, nickel, copper, coal, and recently discovered oil. The country’s most vital industries are food processing, textiles and garments, electronics, and automobile parts. The Philippines economy is vastly dependent on service and manufacturing. Employment in the agricultural sector accounts for 31% of the about 39 million-person labor force. The proportion of the urban population increased from 57% in 2000 to around 65% in 2010. Urbanization has continued in recent years. The population grew at 1.9% per year for 2005-10, which was lower than the 2.4% for 1985-95.
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The country’s population surpassed 93 million in 2010, with about 313 per km². Back then, the population was only 32.7 million. The population of the Philippines has more than tripled since IRRI developed the first high-yielding variety and released it in the mid-1960s. There are four general climatic types: (1) two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet the rest of the year (Central Luzon, western Visayas), (2) absence of a dry period, but with maximum rains from November to January (eastern Luzon, eastern Visayas, and northeastern Mindanao), (3) dry from November to February and wet the rest of the year (central Visayas, western Bicol, northern Mindanao), and (4) more or less even rainfall distribution throughout the year (central Mindanao). Climate varies within the country because of the mountainous topography. The climate is tropical marine, which is mainly moderated by the surrounding seas, with a November to April northeast monsoon and a May to October southwest monsoon.
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It is divided into three main geographic areas: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The country is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Sulu and Celebes seas to the south, and the Bashi Channel to the north. The Philippines is an archipelago of some 7,107 islands located between 4° and 21° N latitude and 116° and 127° E longitude. Write-up taken from the IRRI's Rice Almanac (2013):